Kellogg-Briand Pact succeeded in terms of bringing the world together as almost every nation signed. Their combined proposal aimed at creating a peaceful alliance between world powers that the League of Nations could not. This pact was proposed by Frank Kellogg of the United States as well as Aristide Briand of France. When Hitler took power in 1933, he was following suit with the fluidity that had already been happening in Europe.įrustrations and disappointments surrounding the League of Nations resulted in the Kellogg-Briand Pact. The League of Nations was supposed to be another defense against further war, but in the end, it contributed to the instability in Europe. Germany was prohibited from joining initially, which left them resentful and defiant towards the treaty, but was eventually granted membership with the Locarno Pact. This left France and Britain to enforce the treaty with little other backing. This all fell apart as the United States eventually refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles nor join the League of Nations. The League was also slated to enforce the Treaty of Versailles. The League of Nations was originally proposed in the treaty by the United States and was to be comprised of the original victors of the war. The Treaty of Versailles set up a union among nations working to prevent war, known as the League of Nations. The League of Nations & the Kellogg-Briand Pact The League of Nations: A Pictorial Survey, 1925, via Library of Congress However, due to the many allowances given to Germany, the Munich Agreement was the final step in stopping their violations dating back 20 years to the Treaty of Versailles. The Munich Agreement may not have even had to happen. Had the League of Nations productively and physically enforced the Treaty of Versailles, the Munich Agreement may have worked.
Each time, Hitler clearly demonstrated his dismissal of the treaty, and each time was answered with another treaty that would inevitably be broken. These all were expressly prohibited within the Treaty of Versailles. Germany began down a slippery slope of rebellion to their imposed limits as they quietly grew their military, occupied the demilitarized Rhineland, then Austria, and finally Czechoslovakia. The violations of the Treaty only worsened as time went on. This was obviously frustrating for Germany and quickly violated this portion of the agreement. Germany was allowed the very basics in terms of infantry, ammunition, supplies, an nd border control, but nothing else. One of the biggest examples of this was Germany’s restrictions on rearmament. The War of the Nations, 1919, via Library of Congress
Punishing Germany so severely was a punishment, in many ways, for all. Each country had debts to pay, and in everyone’s failing economies, that simply was not going to work.
In reality, this treaty was a desperate solution that was not implemented productively or fairly due to revenge-seeking leaders assigning idealistic responsibilities and unfair punishments to Germany. Allied leaders President Woodrow Wilson from the United States, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, and Gorges Clemenceau of France drafted and then signed the treaty along with Hermann Muller of Germany.įrom the Allied perspective, the Treaty of Versailles was intended to put a peaceful end to all the post-World War I tension by requiring Germany to accept guilt for the war, reorganize and return territories and colonies seized by Germany during the war, severely limit Germany’s military, and enforce hefty economic reparations. The first attempt was the Treaty of Versailles, the peaceful solution to World War I. There were so many failures along the way that the Munich Agreement did not have much of a chance for success. The many attempts that led up to the Munich Agreement set a very rocky precedent. Treaty of Versailles: The First Step Toward Failure at Munich The greatest moment in history / exclusive photographs by Helen Johns Kirtland and Lucian Swift Kirtland, 1919, via Library of Congress
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